Monday, December 27, 2021

French essay example

French essay example



Gikandi, Simon. The most significant theory he seeks to dispel is one that claims the painting is simply a government commissioned propaganda piece created to enlarge the image of the then, soon to be emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte…. You aren't allowed to use any part of this example without properly citing it first. Displeased with their current positions with their governments, they mustered up the courage and strength to challenge authority. Navies french essay example American Revolution For hundreds of years, french essay example, maritime expansion represented the only way to reach distant shores, to attack enemies across channels of water, to explore uncharted territories, to make trade with regional neighbors and to connect the comprised empires.





More Works Like This



Old French Before and After the Oaths of Strasbourg The Historical Background of Old French The evolution of Old French language began in 52 Before Christ when Julius Cesar held french essay example power over the continents of the Gaul. According to Columbian Encyclopedia, Gaul was under the Roman Empire in the first and second century. With the strong influence it brought, Latin spoken by the Romans gradually replaced the Gaelic, a Celtic language as the Gaul's mother tongue, for a long time. Latin became the national language, spoken widely among people and became the root of recently spoken languages through Europe, french essay example, including English Le Tacon.


Marnette in her lecture notes gives hints, that during the occupation, a settlement of Germanic tribes was recorded in the border of Gaul in the first century, french essay example. This would be an important step onto political action affecting the regions of the Roman Empire. As the immigration…. Language Policy and Planning Language planning refers to the efforts that are deliberately undertaken to influence how languages functions, are structured or acquired or the variety of languages in a given country. It is often a government responsibility by non-governmental organizations have also come to be involved in this.


Grass-roots organizations and also individuals have been involved in this. The goal of language planning differs depending on the country. However, it generally includes planning, decision making and possible french essay example which benefit the communications system of the country. References Little, M. Language Planning Challenges and Prospects in Native American Communities and Schools. Tempe, AZ: Language Policy Research Unit. Martin, J. An American Adventure in Bookburning in french essay example Style of Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles Publisher. Woolard, K. Changing Language Policies and Attitudes in Autonomous Catalonia. Language in Society, 19 3 Wyburn, J.


OR and Language Planning: Modelling the Interaction between Unilingual and Bilingual Populations. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 60 5french essay example, Language Is Arbitrary As you are reading these words, you are taking part in one of the wonders of the natural world," begins Steven Pinker's The Language Instinct. Pinker, 3 In other words, it is a wonder that the human mind is able french essay example create, from need and cognitive structure and instinct, a morphological structure of communication that can change over time from context to context, yet still be understood, french essay example.


It is a wonder that is both natural yet arbitrary in its construction. For the syntax, or appearance and sound of a particular kind of piece french essay example language is arbitrary, even though the semantics, or relational french essay example of the language is not, french essay example. Should you, the reader, doubt this proposition, consider that one solitary letter can mean the difference between an french essay example being understood, in an English context, as a bat, a cat, or a hat respectively. One letter can be….


Works Cited Frompkin, Victoria. Heinle: Seventh edition. Pinker, Steven. New York: HarperCollins. French french essay example their country with a geometrical shape. Hexagon Circle Octagon Square Having read the section on geography and weather, which one of the following regions is best known or most typically known for this type of weather: Hot summers and cold sometimes snowy winters North and Western Coastal Regions Vosges, Jura, Alps, French essay example Central and Eastern France The South also known as the Midi Having read the section on geography and weather, which one of the following regions is best known or most typically known for this type of weather: Hot summers and mild winters often made colder by the cold Mistral wind North and Western Coastal Regions 2.


Vosges, Jura, Alps, Pyrenees 3. Central and eastern France 4. The south the Midi Question 4 Having read the section french essay example geography and weather, which one of the following regions is best known or most typically known for this type…. Clothing and Culture Clothing, in the modern definition, is considered to be fiber or textiles that are worn on humans, and one of the anthropological features of human culture and society. The type color, style, fit of clothing is typically dependent upon a number of variables -- geography, weather, gender, status, french essay example, physical state, work activities, french essay example, and even status symbols.


From a practical standpoint, clothing french essay example as protection from external weather, or for safety reasons constructing, cooking, hiking, sports ; it may protect the wearer from flora and fauna nettles, bites, thorns ; it may insulate against hot or cold conditions; and may even provide a hygienic barrier. Evolution of Clothing Styles: Scholars are uncertain as…. Bibliography Blum, S. Eighteenth-Century French Fashion Plates. New York: French essay example Publications. Boucher, F.


New York and London: H. Delpierre, M. Dress in France in the 18th Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Doyle, W. The Ancien Regime. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. If language is like food, then the ingredients are its words; the cooking process is its grammar; the nutritional value is its semantics. Some sentences are simple staples like rice and beans. Others are primarily aesthetic, finely crafted, french essay example, and honed over time like a French sauce. Like the ingredients in any dish, the words of a language depend largely on geography.


At the same time, we borrow words from other cultures just as we may borrow ingredients from other cuisines. Spanglish is like fusion food, french essay example. Some cooking processes are rigid, time-consuming, and complex like proper grammar; others are looser and more flexible like everyday speech. There are some dishes you would serve your mother and others that are too spicy for her. Some language is long-winded and without substance; some is meaty; some is so packed with goodness that you return it again and again. Ascription to the rules of…. Works Cited Kemerling, Garth. htm Schutz, Ricardo.


Retrieved June 6, french essay example, from. Rather, language may be more apt to change the way we see the world, rather than vice versa, at least according to Chomsky. Meaning thus varies and shifts, some would say as the world shifts, others would say as language itself grows and generates new meanings -- while almost all would agree that the drive to communicate and make consistent and coherent meanings endures in all segments of the species. hile a stroke may damage the ability of some human brains to convey language and different people may have different levels of ability in using language effectively, or learning foreign systems of communication, the innate, structured, yet dynamic nature of human language lives on.


Language exists on a biological, linguistic, and cultural level, although the degree to which these factors produce and affect language and meaning remains controversial. orks Cited Luger, G. Chapter Language french essay example and processing. Works Cited Luger, G. In Cognitive science: The science of intelligent systems. Academic Press, San Diego, French essay example. Retrieved 22 Sept html Sowa, John F. htm Szab, Zoltan Gendler. Noam Chomsky. Dictionary of modern American philosophers. Consider the fact that the Iroquois are said not to have had a strong word for the singular "I," and that they subsequently developed what was arguably the longest lasting communal representative democracy the world has ever known. The Inuit, whose culture revolves around the arctic world, have dozens of words for snow - this sort of technical knowledge allows quick and accurate transmission of conditions and training in survival, french essay example.


In Western terms, one remembers that Jesus Christ was said to be "The Word," yet in the original Greek this indicates not only a spoken word but also the Logos - the root term for intellectual reason, for Meaning within context be that the context of a sentence, a life, a history, or a universe ; logos was rational order. The difference between saying that a religious figure is the Word which at its most french essay example seem to indicate a kind…. Bibliography Atkins, J. Report of the commissioner of Indian affairs. House Exec. Washington, DC: U. Government Printing Office. Boston Language Institute. html Ethnologue. Language and Literacy Every workplace without exception relies on language as a primary means of communication.


Therefore, all types of literacy are required in order for an organization to function properly. The different types of literacy range from multicultural awareness to written language to public speaking. For the purposes of this project, I examined and analyzed several different workplace environments for their usage of language and their different literacy demands. My personal workplace environment is a high-stress, hustle-and-bustle office, french essay example. Phones are ringing constantly throughout the day, memos are being circulated on a near-daily basis, and most employees need to be familiar with company literature including quarterly financial reports.


In addition to the rigors of interpersonal communication, which entails informal as well as formal conversations, we deal with inter-office communications with those who work at remote office locations, with offices located abroad, with clients, and with various others with which we….





term papers and essays



The late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe and later in North America, known as the Age of Enlightenment, was an era of several accomplishments within many areas of reason including politics, science, and philosophy. It was during this long period that the way people viewed the world changed dramatically by questioning authority and devising […]. The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts. They lasted from until They happened because of the French Revolution. They fought against Great Britain, Austria and several other monarchies that were extremely popular at the time. How it all Started On Apr. The start of The French Revolution began due to the disconnect between the people of France and the monarchy, resulting in one of the bloodiest revolts in history.


Economic, social and political conditions in France added to the discontent that was felt by many French citizens particularly those from the third estate. One of the […]. Almost twenty years after the end of the French Revolution, Mary Shelley published her gothic horror novel, Frankenstein, in Shelley grew up with parents who were intellectual radicals Sterrenburg Yet, she was detached from radicalism and opted for a more conservative perspective Sterrenburg She did a vast amount of readings on the […]. In theory, a revolution would be any sort of movement or uprising that causes a change in a social class system, or any aspect of society for that matter.


The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were revolutionary for Western Europe and the world. This is because they opened up new ideas through philosophy and science. Their characteristics were scientific ideas that contradicted prior religious beliefs. Additionally, the Enlightenment had characteristics that were full of ideas and innovation to improve people and society. A new […]. As the period of Enlightenment ushered into France, the middle class and aristocrats created an uproar within the high social order in France. Their fight for more power and the hardships of the peasants were just the tip of the iceberg.


According to an history editor in the French revolution started as a watershed modern European history when the French revolution ended in the s the Napoleon Bonaparte. This disaster was ignited by an […]. In the 19th century the Europeans were enamored by the exotic culture that they believed was taking place in the Middle Eastern cultures. The Europeans believed that this eastern world was a very eccentric, foreign, feminized and sexualized culture in this far away land. European artists began to depict this Middle Eastern culture in their […]. The initial discussion will describe in detail the historical narratives and art periods of both monuments.


Next, there will be some exploration of some comparisons, as well as some contrasts between the two pieces. Finally, comparing the two monuments contextually, with a more contemporary piece of art there will be a discussion on how all three […]. Napoleon Bonaparte is broadly viewed as probably the best winner to ever live. Conceived the child of a respectable off the banks of Italy, it just took him years and years to ascend to unmistakable quality during the French Revolution, which started in July For the duration of his life he was consistently […]. The individual I have decided to talk about in this paper is Napoleon Bonaparte as it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to examine French society and culture without referencing his name.


Assuming one needs to examine French Culture, it is really imperative to procure information in regards to Napoleon Bonaparte and his […]. Despite the fact that brought into the world in Corsica, he came to France for school at nine years old and afterward joined French mounted guns at sixteen years old. He rose to the position of general, being chosen First Consul of […]. The tranquility […]. Don't know where to start? Give me your paper requirements and I connect you to an academic expert. Plagiarism checker Do the check. Writing Help Ask for help. Paraphrasing Tool Paraphrase my essay. Essay examples. Essay topics. Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution was a huge event in European history, one that shaped the way the French government worked forever.


The American and the French Revolutions The right of revolutionan idea proposed by Enlightenment philosopher John Locke, inspired and challenged the colonies in America and the people of France to revolt. The French Revolutions Impact on Romantics The French Revolution is undoubtedly one of the most influential events in Europe during the late 18th century, with lasting concepts in politics, culture, and literature. Enlightenment and the French Revolution The main ideas of Enlightenment thinking led to the French Revolution in many ways. The Great Changes during French Revolution The time of the revolutions brought great changes to what they were focused towards. Economic Crisis Druing the French Revolution The economic issues made by the French kings additionally added to the Revolution.


American, French and Mexican Revolutions When it comes to the American Revolution, there was one individual that gave American people an idea of what they should be fighting for. The History of the French Revolution The representatives of the Estates-General met in Versailles on May 5th, The French Revolution and Louis XVI Louis XVI was one of the rulers during the French Revolution. The French Revolution: Social and Political Crisis in France The French Revolution was a watershed period of social and political crisis in France and its colonies that began in and lasted until the late s. The French Revolution: Great Changes in France The French Revolution brought about great changes in the society and government of France.


How the Age of Enlightenment Changed France and the United States The late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe and later in North America, known as the Age of Enlightenment, was an era of several accomplishments within many areas of reason including politics, science, and philosophy. French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts. The Start of the French Revolution The start of The French Revolution began due to the disconnect between the people of France and the monarchy, resulting in one of the bloodiest revolts in history. The French Revolution Within Frankenstein Almost twenty years after the end of the French Revolution, Mary Shelley published her gothic horror novel, Frankenstein, in Revolution would be any Sort of Movement that Causes a Change in a Social Class System In theory, a revolution would be any sort of movement or uprising that causes a change in a social class system, or any aspect of society for that matter.


The Scientific Revolution in Western Europe The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were revolutionary for Western Europe and the world. That image communicated not only eroticism, but also a special connection between the two that I wanted to explore. While watching the French film, I searched the Internet to find out more about the actress playing Patricia, the main female role. I found her femininity befitting the sensuality of her male counterpart, Paris in the sixties. After watching the French film, I realized that the main male character, his villainy aside, was quintessentially French. strong letter recommendation recommend a language professor seeking tenure promotion. In letter stress It would be extremely difficult for me to fathom a better foreign language professor than Mrs.


Groschupf CHANGE THE NAME. Her presence, knowledge, enthusiasm, and interest in her students -- both individually and collectively -- made her French courses a pleasure to take, and one of my fondest memories of my graduate experience thus far. There are certain personalities which dominate a time period in one's life, which fuse a series of moments together and enrich one's life in the process. I unequivocally assert that Mrs. Groschupf is one such personality, and that her approach towards the subject matter -- genuine, personable, approachable -- has benefitted not only me but also most every other student who took her course last semester. What I enjoyed most about Mrs.


Groschupf's teaching methodology is the fact that she actually made…. French Quebec Nationalism A major turning point in the history of Canada was the fall of Quebec which resulted in the transformation of a French colony into a ritish colony. Had it not happened, English would never have become the first language of the country. The battle of Quebec was one of the numerous wars fought between the ritish and the French over fur and land during the 18th century. The fall of Quebec ensured the control and domination of ritish in major parts of North America. New ideas were brought forward by new generations who came in power and redefined the political scenario of the province.


The Quebec Act was drafted by the ritish government which motivated the growth of nationalism in Quebec and since then, the nationalist movement has remained powerful and dominated the politics of the province. Troubles in Manitoba In , the ritish government introduced the…. Bibliography Belanger, D. Henri Bourassa Informally published manuscript, Department of History, McGill University, Montreal, QC. htm Crunican, P. Manitoba schools question. Quebec referendum In Encyclopaedia Britannica. French geography help to broaden and deepening your knowledge of France? Does learning geography help to change preconceived notions or stereotypes about France and the French people? What in your view is a good way to learn about a country's geography?


Have you ever stopped to wonder if your geographic origins have affected how you think about yourself? For example, I have always noticed that I sound a lot like the people who grew up in my town, but if I go mles south or north, I no longer quite fit in. If I go further than that, I sometimes sound foreign to people aoround me. In , I went from my home town of York to Portsmouth on the south coast of England. I moved about miles from the north to the south. During try-outs for the volleyball team, one of the coaches, hearing me speak, asked…. French literature? Pick as many as you think are correct Detective stories Songs sung by traveling minstrels troubadours and entertainers and jesters jongleurs Oral histories evoking the exploits of saints and kings Long verse poems telling the stories of heroes like Charlemagne, knights and ladies and their confrontations with giants, monsters, and the supernatural world Gothic novels The Renaissance - pick out which of the following elements characterize the changes and innovations of the Renaissance era in France - the late 15th century to the early 17th century.


An interest and celebration of the arts and thinking of ancient Greece and Rome An attraction to humanism - a view of the world where individual choices direct one's actions more so than religious conviction c. Royal support for music, architecture, and art d. The bubonic plague e. The Hundred Years War Question 4 Which of the following were important Renaissance writers? Formerly known as Zaire, the Democratic Republic of Congo gained its independence from Belgium in June of Education standards have risen since the nation became independent, but political strife and an ongoing civil war continue to plague the Democratic Republic of Congo, which is actually run as a dictatorship. Since , civil war has caused poverty, disenfranchisement, and a general low standard of living.


Hardest hit are the women in society, who have traditionally been subordinated to their male counterparts. Although suffrage is universal and women maintain certain political and economic rights, women are still viewed and treated as secondary citizens. One of the most notable manifestations of the gender gap is in the educational system. In the total population, Language learning facilitates general literary skills and allows children to revert to, and strengthen skills and concepts studied through their first language The National Strategies Primary, Curriculum is enriched by language learning. Teachers as well as children find it fun and challenging, and display enthusiasm towards language; this leads to creation of interested learners and the development of positive attitudes towards learning languages, all throughout one's life.


A natural link exists between language and other curricular areas, and this enriches the overall teaching-learning experience. Proficiencies, understanding, and information learned through language contribute greatly to literacy and oracy development in children, as well as to better understanding of one's own and others' cultures. Language is also integral to community and…. Bibliography n. pdf Arizona Early Learning Standards. Arizona Department of Education. pdf n. Developing Lessons with Technology. pdf Huppenthal, J. Arizona State Literacy Plan.


Language defines identity, and creates boundaries between self and other. In Borderlands: The New Mestiza, Gloria Anzaldua refers to the "broken" and "forked" tongues that represented the boundaries and intersections of social, cultural, racial, ethnic, and gender identities. The roots of sociolinguistic hypotheses of language suggest that at the very least, language impacts the social construction of reality, as well as psychic self-perception. According to Noam Chomsky, language use is a type of "organized behavior" that is both a cause and effect of reality 2. The study of language structure and function "can contribute to an understanding of human intelligence," Chomsky xiv.


Chomsky goes so far as to suggest that language precedes cognition in some cases, by stating that, "the study of language structure reveals properties of mind that underlie the exercise of human mental capacities in normal activities," including the use of language as a creative mechanism, form, and…. Works Cited Anzaldua, Gloria. Borderlands: The New Mestiza -- La Frontera. Aunt Lute, Chomsky, Noam. Language and Mind. Cambridge University Press, Hudson, Richard A. Sapir, Edward. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, Language American English is incredible malleable and diverse, and it would be a mistake to impose artificial rules.


Not only would it be a mistake, it could even be construed as racist. The imaginary Correct English whether Oxford or Webster-based prescriptive grammatical rules is one that is clearly defined by the white upper-class hegemony in higher education. As Deresiewicz states, "there is no such thing as Correct English, and there never has been. Language reflects subculture and social identity, and can allow for the vivid expression of ideas that would be severely restricted if there were only one Correct English. Language is a form of cultural capital. Therefore, "stigmatized forms" of language such as edneck or African-American speech, are "typically those used by social groups other than the educated middle classes -- professional people, including those in law,….


References Baron, D. Language and society. Crossing over. You talkin' to me? The New York Times. Jan 9, State of American. Language Power and Language The concept of power has been examined closely by many philosophers throughout human history. These philosophers have different ideas of what power is, but they all, in some way, believe that the concept of language is central to power. In On Violence, Hannah Arendt quotes several such definitions. She says that power may be "making others act as I choose," "to command and be obeyed," or "the instinct of domination" All of these definitions have some basis in the reality of the concept, but the two philosophers who will be the focus of this essay, Arendt and Nietzsche, disagree with this basic premise and attempt to quantify power in different terms.


They also make the case of the centrality of language to power. In other words, that there is a language to power, and the creation of power, that needs to be understood before the…. Works Cited Arendt, Hannah. On Revolution. London: Penguin Books, On Violence. Hutcheon, Pat Duffy. speaking in the target language is the expectation that a proficient speaker will sound like a native speaker. Is this an appropriate or realistic expectation? Not a long while after the emergence of the subject of second language acquisition SLA , which most of the scholars think came around the time of initial years of s, there has been a need to develop ways by which to measure the development of the second language, aside from the usage of detailed homogeneous skill tests which were mostly appropriate to fulfill other objectives.


As per Freeman's information, the first declaration of this need was made by Kenji Hukuta Kenji Hakuta was concerned in knowing the path of his subject Ugusiu's English language development over a period of time. Besides the aforementioned practitioners, other L1 acquisition scholars had carried out for the pupils learning English as a national language. In the research…. References Bardovi-Harlig, K. Do language learners recognize pragmatic violations? Pragmatic vs. grammatical awareness in instructed L2 learning.


TESOL Quarterly, 32, -- Bialystok, E. Achieving proficiency in a second language: A processing description. Philipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Swain Eds. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. Symbolic representation and attentional control in pragmatic competence. Blum-Kulka Eds. New York: Oxford University Press. Bouton, L. A cross-cultural study of ability to interpret implicatures in English. World Englishes, 7 2 , -- Having English sound 'stressed' correctly is often a challenge for French speakers. Compared with some other languages, French and English have fairly similar grammatical structures. But "there are frequent occasions when French uses a different tense to convey a particular meaning than English.


Some common examples are the following faulty sentences: I have played tennis yesterday. I can't play now. I do my homework. I live in London since last year. I will tell you as soon as I will know" Vu Difficulties in English dialects may also pose a challenge to French speakers who have learned English in a 'normalized' fashion, denuded of regional accents. French speakers, who have heard English mostly from television and in school,…. Works Cited Adger, Carolyn Temple. htm Vu, Nguyen Ngoc. The differences between English and French. University of Phoenix.


Foreign Language Education in High School The world has about 6, different languages, give or take a few. Linguists predict that at least half of those may have disappeared by the year , which means languages are becoming extinct at twice the rate of endangered animals and four times the rate of endangered birds. Predictions are that a dozen languages may dominate the world of the future at best. Ostler, For Americans, that's probably a good thing, since we are seemingly genetically engineered to maintain an appalling ignorance of other languages, and have narrowed down the choices we offer our young people to approximately one, Spanish, viewed by many to be the easiest foreign language to learn. It has been described in various places as having an 'impoverished vocabulary,' which means less work for Dick and Jane.


The American education system so far is doing nothing to reverse the…. Works Cited Clark, Leon E. Garrett, Nina. Change, 1 May Gramberg, Anne-Katrin. Many studies show that one should start foreign language studies as soon as possible, and the peak age of learning the second language is said to be on or before the child reaches the age of One high school principal was quoted saying "A child has only one…. Works Cited Baker, Colin. Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Multilingual Matters Ltd. Bialystok, Ellen. Language Processing in Bilingual Children. Cambridge University Press. Parenting Experts: Bilingual Family Pros and Cons.


LSM vocabulary, however, seems to have been developed with a very strong Spanish influence and has kept the initialization to this day. Initialization is not seen as a negative strategy, nor is it viewed as a characteristic of hearing signers Faurot et al. Faurot et al. Geographic distinctions do not seem to be as important as other differences. The greatest lexical variations seem to result from three factors: religious differences for religious terminology , age distinctions, and levels of education. eligious terminology differs from church to church and between denominations and from city to city. If there are two variations of a sign, sometimes the Deaf would refuse to use the sign that more…. Reference Faurot, K. The identity of Mexican sign as a language.


The second part of the mixed methodology will consist of survey of a convenience sample of Libyan youths to determine what they feel is the most important foreign language for them to learn and how such instruction could best be accomplished within the existing Libyan public school infrastructure. This part of the mixed methodology is also highly congruent with a number of social researchers who emphasize the need to incorporate both secondary and primary research into such research projects whenever possible. For instance, Dennis and Harris report that, "Primary data are information that is being collected for the first time in order to address a specific research problem. This means that it is likely to be directly relevant to the research, unlike secondary data, which may be out of date or collected for a totally different purpose.


Ideally, an effective research project should incorporate both primary and secondary…. References Dennis, Charles and Lisa Harris. Marketing the e-Business. London: Routledge. Gratton, C. Research Methods for Sport Studies. New York: Routledge. government: CIA World Factbook. Neuman, W. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 5th ed. Finite and Non-Finite English Verbs Verbs do much of the semantic labor in a language -- their use allows us to mean things that cannot be conveyed by mere nouns and adjectives. In our study of syntax, we can identify several important classes of verbs by their behavior and use, and the way in which they interact with negation: finite and non-finite verbs.


These verb classes allow us to do a variety of things: distinguish perfect i. finished and imperfect not yet complete actions without the cumbersome use of case markers, use verbs as the core of an independent sentence finite verbs only , and form the base for clauses that employ auxiliary verbs nonfinite verb-based clauses. These forms also respond to negation in distinctive ways compared to other verbs. Below, I…. Reardless or whther the second language learner is a child or an adult there must be a concerted effort put for the to understand the cultural context of the second language. This responsibility lies with instructors and students. The instructor has te responsibility to teach certain cultural nuances ad habits and the learner has the responsibility of having an open mind so that the culture can be acquired.


Failure to do so make it extremely difficult for an individual to acquire a second language. The impact of second language acquisition is that it serves as a conduit between the first culture and the language of the second culture. Once cultural context is understood the individual understands how to use the language and how to understand pothers when they use the language. This ability to communicate is often an aspect of language acquisition that is difficult to understand because the rules…. Works Cited Bowlin, Carla Mackenzie Culture and language: communication barriers for Hispanic immigrants working in the U.


And their Anglo-managers. Appalachian State University, Print Citron, James L. Toward a Theory of Ethno-Lingual Relativity. Print Hidasi. Judit The Impact of Culture on Second Language Acquisition. pdf Ilieva, R. Age and Learning a New Language hat is the ideal age for a person to be able to learn a new language? hat are the dynamics besides age that contribute to SLA? This paper delves into those subjects using scholarly articles as resources. The Literature on Learning a New Language and Age "…Early beginners, through their longer exposure to L2, reach the necessary competence levels in their two languages sooner to allow transfer in both directions…" Djigunovic, hy are very young students especially gifted to pick up new languages quickly? The scholarship shows that younger learners "…have no awkwardness or inhibitions with the new language" and don't get too upset when they make mistakes Cenoz, , p.


As to whether or not younger learners "…soak up new languages" simply because the soak up information like a sponge soaks up water, Cenoz has his doubts. Indeed studies show younger…. Works Cited Cenoz, Jasone. In Age and the Acquisition of English As a Foreign Language, M. Mayo, and M. Lecumberri, Eds. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters. Cummins, Jim, and Davison, Chris. International Handbook of English Language. Irony and Humor in French Literature Delphine Perret's analysis of irony and humor is apparently well-founded and well-supported by famous literature. Due to obvious differences in the French and English notions of irony, Perret explored irony by returning to its roots. Starting "at square one" with definitions of "irony" from notable dictionaries, Perret then traces irony through historical eras and developments with the aid of such great thinkers as Socrates and Aristotle.


The intelligence of Perret's examination is illustrated in two famous French plays of the 19th and 20th Century: "Ubu Roi" and "The ald Soprano. ody a. Perret's Applicable Points Delphine Perret's "Irony"…. Bibliography Ashton, Dore. But I Digress. Dittmar, Linda and Joseph Entin. Hrbek, Greg. Ionesco, Eugene and Donald M. The Bald Soprano and Other Plays. New York, NY: Grove Press, Inc. These different perspectives were based upon their language learning experiences from the past, their language proficiency, their current academic needs, and also their future career choices. To bridge the gap, the teachers engaged in dialogue with the students to determine the best ways to engage the students individually Pazaver, and Wang In a study in the International Journal of English Studies, the authors used ELT materials in order build of a reliable instrument to help in the potential for the promotion of implicit and explicit components in ESL learning by students.


The found that implicitness and explicitness were promoted equally by the ESL teaching units in three different textbooks Criado Sanchez, Sanchez Perez, and Cantos Gomez In an article in the journal of Applied Linguistics,. Schmidt analyzes issues that impact upon explicit learning modalities. He concludes that subliminal language learning is impossible. Also, he notes that it…. References Akakura, Motoko. Criado Sanchez, Raquel, Aquilano Sanchez Perez, and Pascual Cantos Gomez. Braille, sign language, and pictograms all offer nonverbal means of effectively communicating ideas. Each of these nonverbal communications constitutes a type of language, and each has unique applications.


It is important to realize that verbal and written languages are only a few of many different methods of communication. A nurse needs to understand the special functions of braille, sign language, and pictograms and be able to identify the different applications and potential uses of each one. Developed by Louis Braille in the early nineteenth century, Braille is a textured writing system that allows the visually impaired to write and read texts. As with some written languages like Chinese, Braille symbols comprise both of an alphabet and words. Thus, the letter B. In Braille can also connote the word "but" in certain contexts. Braille can be adapted for any human language and is therefore especially important when dealing with people with…. References "Braille," n.


htm Davies, S. American Sign Language as a Foreign Language. The University of Vermont. htm United States Department of Labor OSHA, Hazard communication standard pictogram. Grammar Error Correction Grammar Correction Best Practices The art and science of grammar correction has seismic implications on native and new speakers to English alike. The ability to communicate in a clear and cohesive fashion, both verbally and in writing, whilst using the proper syntax, punctuation, sentence structure and spelling is vital for the message to be clear. Further, it is seen as a sign of intelligence or lack thereof for someone to use the obviously wrong words and sentence structure while communicating in writing or via speech. hile grammar and languages teachers are perhaps fighting a losing battle right now given the fairly sloppy nature of many people including supposed language professionals like writers and journalists, there are indeed some verifiable and known best practices that can and should be used to help combat the grammar failures that pervade the sphere of communication in the United States as well….


Works Cited Chan, Alice Y. Education Research Complete. Chodorow, Martin, Michael Gamon, and Joel Tetreault. The connection between a national identity and a singular official language does not exist. India, with its 19 official languages King, , is more united as a country than Canada or Belgium King, So clearly language has little to do with national identity. The author refers this unity in the absence of a single official language as "unique otherness. AS King points out, historically speaking there is no evidence that a government can successful control the languages of its citizens in order to create a more unified state.


In fact, quite the contrary is true, as evidenced by countries like Canada, when the English speaking and…. Works Cited King, Robert D. Enlightenment on the French evolution evolutionary changes in the leadership of 18th Century France did not occur overnight or with some sudden spark of defiance by citizens. The events and ideals which led to the French evolution were part of a gradual yet dramatic trend toward individualism, freedom, liberty, self-determination and self-reliance which had been evolving over years in Europe, and which would be called The Enlightenment. This paper examines and analyses the dynamics of The Enlightenment - and also, those individuals who contributed to the growth of The Enlightenment and to the ultimate demise of the Monarchy - in terms of what affect it had on the French evolution.


Introduction to the French evolution When the legitimate question is raised as to what role, if any, The Enlightenment played in the French evolution, the best evidence from credible historic sources is that The Enlightenment did indeed play an important…. References Brians, Paul. Chartier, Roger. The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution. Durham: Duke University Press, Fieser, James. adaptation a french Novel Zazie dans le Metro It is quite clear from even a cursory analysis of chapters of 18 and 19 of aymond Queneau's Zazie dans le Metro, described as one of the most laughable books originally written in French Vincendeau, , that the author is describing the events that take place in them in a humorous way. As such, the reader can infer that the actions described in these two chapters, and probably through the remainder of the novel, are not literal and are meant to poke fun at a greater concept.


The author's humor is certainly understated, which is why these chapters read more like a satire than a straightforward novel to produce an overall "fun" effect No author, It is highly important that in both chapters, a good deal of the humor revolves around women. A closer examination of the author's diction and tone…. References Armstrong, M-S. McDonald, J. html No author. htm Queneau, R. Zazie dans le Metro. Alphaville Analysis of Godard's Alphaville French New ave cinema emerged during the s and was inspired by the criticism of Andre Bazin and Jacques Donial-Valcroze who helped to found Cahiers du Cinema. The Cahiers du Cinema helped to establish two filmmaking philosophies that would help to guide New ave auteurs in the creation of their films.


Additionally, New ave directors would also establish a set of guidelines that would help to classify their films as part of the New ave movement. Among the founders of the New ave movement was Jean-Luc Godard whose films not only adhere to the guidelines of the movement, but also push the boundaries and allow him to use his films to explore politics, genres, and cinematic styles. Alphaville, released in , not only follows the guidelines that were established by the New ave movement, but also brings together the genres of film noir and science…. Works Cited Alphaville. Jean-Luc Godard. France: Athos Films, Motion Picture. Phillips, Craig. Accessed 8 April Spicer, Andrew. Film Noir. New York: Pearson Education, Mandarin a Necessary Language to Learn In many regards, learning Mandarin can be considered a necessary task for a host of reasons, not the least of which may be found in the ever-fickle and competitive job market of today and of the future.


There are several indicators that demonstrate that this statement is true, not the least of which can be found in the British school systems. At certain schools in Britain, both teachers and students are actively taking this language in efforts to be able to communicate with the native culture which many predict to be the economic power of the future -- perhaps even more so than the United States. References Arnot, C. uk1 Hazard, J. From The Asian Lawyer: Is Mandarin Necessary?. html Jubak, J. aspx Ming, R. post-revolutionary French art, and are titled; Nudity a La Grecque in and Colonization Gross's Plague-Stricken Jaffa share some fundamental commonalities.


The similarities that these two articles share are their methodology, formal artistic analysis and their account and implicit description of the relationship between art and social history. Both of these articles also provide historical accounts of artistic criticism of post-Revolutionary history painting. Most significantly Grisby's articles provide a view of post-Revolutionary France where art, history and politics all combine to allow readers to more fully understand cultural and social issues of great importance of the time. Darcy Grimaldo Grisby sets out to dispel commonly held notions and opinions regarding Gross's Plague-Stricken Jaffa. The most significant theory he seeks to dispel is one that claims the painting is simply a government commissioned propaganda piece created to enlarge the image of the then, soon to be emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte….


Works Cited Grimaldo Grisby, Darcy. Grimaldo Grisby, Garcy. Not only are many Chinese immigrants well assimilated into their host nations, but they also have established family businesses that preclude them from being interested in taking up a teaching position. Furthermore, many Chinese immigrants abroad speak dialects other than Mandarin. Hanban is also a direct emissary for the Chinese government and as such, it can more directly spread Beijing-sponsored values and ideas. Creating and disseminating a uniform message about China is as important as spreading a standardized version of Mandarin. Teaching methods can also be universalized, standardized for quality and effectiveness by Hanban. The government of the United States has actively engaged in language exportation but in less formal ways.


While no Hanban equivalent exists, English is disseminated regularly and systematically through the popular media and through international business enterprise. eferences Erard, Michael. References Erard, Michael. sign language in public settings for people who are deaf. Writing notes as a way to communicate with people who are deaf is convenient, for people with normal hearing, and recommended, by people with normal hearing. In the world of hearing people, recommendations for using note writing as a way to communicate with people who are deaf is common. Communication at work. Employers are advised to supplement their communication with employees who are deaf by writing notes.


For example, Equal Access Communication, an advocacy organization suggests that supervisors may wish to keep a white board or a chalk board by the work area of an employee who is deaf. The supervisor is reminded to keep the writing simple and concise, first establishing the subject to be discussed and then providing an explanation. Further, the supervisor is reminded that the person who is deaf may experience difficulties understanding idioms or double…. References Emmorey, K. Bimodal bilingualism: Code-blending between spoken English and American Sign Language, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies and University of California, San Diego. pdf Teplin, E. The Hennepin Lawyer. html Here, we can see an innovative way of overcoming the inherent language barrier, or at least rendering it secondary to fan intrigue.


hina is another market context where challenges are specific and dominant due both to the dramatic distinction between the hinese language and Romantic or Latin-based tongues and due to hina's isolated and distinctly defined cultural nature. In both of these, we consider that there is a real and difficult obstruction for organizations seeking to establish a meaningful identity. In consideration of the example of Foster's beer, for one, we are given a narrative detailing a long and difficult process by which the Australian beer distributor was eventually able to penetrate the market.


For Foster's, one of the biggest problems was its prior strategic dependence on its name and Australian identity, which are easily and charmingly conveyed in advertisement in America. In a non-English speaking market,…. China is another market context where challenges are specific and dominant due both to the dramatic distinction between the Chinese language and Romantic or Latin-based tongues and due to China's isolated and distinctly defined cultural nature. In a non-English speaking market, this is a harder association to draw. Cultural differences are therefore of major concern when managing brands in China. Another instance comes to us from China of cultural barriers creating a distinct challenge for internet search engine giant, Google.


Google's ideology places it in a spot of unparalleled challenge, even further observable as it attempts. Of course, it is worth noting that state laws and federal laws approach the idea of an official language differently. There are state laws that have made English the official language in just over half of the states in the United States. This may be appropriate because states are more likely to have homogenous groups than the nation as a whole. However it is critical to realize that Title VI applies even to those states that have declared English as an official language. In other words, states cannot overrule the federal government's protection for non-English speakers.


If the majority of the United States speaks English, one may wonder why anyone would worry about protecting the right to speak a different language. Having a single language would certainly…. References Brunner, B. Urdu spoken here: the U. is more multilingual than you might think. html Crawford, J. Language freedom and restriction: a historical approach to the official language controversy. html English First. About English first. American Revolution in inspired the French Revolution in by showing that the common people could overthrow the powerful political establishment. Both countries were ruled by absolute monarchies. The United States were then colonies of Great Britain, and were ruled unfairly.


The early Americans became tired of "taxation without representation. In both cases, only landowners could vote and there was little equality or justice. By taking up arms against Britain, the early American settlers took a stand against tyranny and this act then led to the French Revolution. The American Revolution set an example to the people of France that it was possible to have democracy. By taking the first step in this process of change, the American settlers showed that democracy was possible, even if it meant going to war. After succeeding in the…. If they are a couple, they have no children together.


Whereas Morisot focuses on the child in "The Basket Chair," Caillebotte accomplishes the opposite. Caillebotte's painting lacks emotional intensity, because his palette is far more retrained than that of Morisot. Morisot's garden is rendered in vivid greens and intensely saturated hues. Caillebotte's, on the other hand, is a more staid palette. Furthermore, unlike Morisot's fenced-off garden, Caillebotte's is a public park. Yet there are no other people in the park: which suggests that there are a disproportionate number of wealthy elite in Paris at the time of painting.

No comments:

Post a Comment